Indian Politics in Comparative Perspective

Cover
Contents
Preface
About the Author
Chapter 1: Approaches to the Study of Indian Politics and Nature of the State in India: Liberal, Marxist, and Gandhian
	Introduction
	Approaches to Politics
		Historical Approach
		Philosophical Tradition
		Legal-institutional Approach
		Systems Approach
		Structural-functional Approach
		Rational Choice Theory
	Nature of the Indian State
	Liberal Interpretation of the Indian State
		Liberal Institutional
		State and Party System
		Political Economy View
	The Marxist View of the Indian State
		Classical Orthodox Marxist Viewpoint
	The Communist Party of India (Marxist Leninist)
		Neo-Marxist View
		Recent Formulations
	Gandhian Theory of the Indian State
		Swaraj or Participatory Democracy
	Conclusion
	Notes and References
Chapter 2: National Movement and Its Ideological Discourse and Political Legacies
	Introduction
	Ideological Streams/Discourse of Moderates and Extremists
		Moderates and Their Methods
		Economic Nationalism of Moderates
		Failures of Moderates
		Partition of Bengal
		Rise of Militant Nationalism/Extremism
		Swadeshi Movement
		Morley-Minto Reforms, 1909
		Revolutionaries
		Chief Tenets of Gandhian Ideology
		Gandhian Ideas /Ideology and The National Movement
		Political Legacy
		Left Ideology and Its Legacies in India
		Growth of Socialist Ideas
		Communist Party of India
		Left Within the Congress
		The Congress Socialist Party (CSP)
		Ideology and Programmes
		CSP and the Congress
		CSP and the Communists
		Subhash Chandra Bose and Socialism
	Conclusion
		Socialist Legacies in Independent India
		Dignity of the Individual
		Directive Principles of State Policy
		Fundamental Duties
	Conclusion
	Notes and References
Chapter 3: Indian Constitution: Provisions and Institutional Functioning
	Philosophy of the Constitution
	Structure of Government at Union Level
	Power of the President
		Legislative Powers
		Administrative Powers
		Diplomatic Powers
		Military Powers
		Judicial Powers
		Emergency Powers
	Parliament
		Rajya Sabha
		Lok Sabha
		Functions of the Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha)
		Parliamentary Committees
		Standing Committees
		Ad hoc Committees
		Decline of the Indian Parliament
		Prime Minister and Coalition Politics
	Judiciary
		Judicial Review
		Judicial Activism
		Judicial Corruption
		Judicial Accountability
	Structure of Government at State Level
	The State Legislature
	Local Government: The Third Tier of the Federal Structure
	Conclusion
	Notes and References
Chapter 4: Power Structure in India: Institutional and Social (Caste, Dalit — Bahujan, Class, Patriarchy)
	Part 1 Caste System in India
	Varna and Jati
	Historical Perspective of Caste System
	Caste and politics in India
	The Politics of Reservation
		Caste in the Present Context
	Part 2 Class in India
	Class — Introduction
	Determinants of Class
	Caste Versus Class
	Caste Class Nexus in Indian Society
	Conclusion
	Part 3 Class and Patriarchy
	Patriarchy — Introduction
	Origin and Development
	Structures of Patriarchy
	Indian Patriarchy
	Empowerment of Women in India
	Conclusion
	Notes and References
Chapter 5: Federalism in India in Comparative Perspective with Special Reference to Canada
	Understanding Federalism
	Meaning and Definitions
	General Features of Federalism
	Federal Features of the Indian Constitution
	Federal Features of the Canadian Constitution
	The Phases of Federalism in India and Canada
		Phase I: Indian Federalism Under One Party Dominance (1947–1967)
		Phase II: Under Indira Gandhi Administration (1967–1977)
		Phase III: Under the Prime Ministership of Murarji Desai, Chaudhuri Charan Singh, Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi (1977–1989)
		Phase IV: Multi-Party Coalition (1989)
	The Phases of Canadian Federalism
		Phase I: Confederation Era (1867–1883)
		Phase II: Dual-federation Era (1884–1910)
		Phase III: Cooperative Federalism Era (1911–1960)
		Phase IV: Competitive Federation Era (1961–1980)
		Phase V: Constitutional Federalism (1980–1990)
		Phase VI: Functional Federalism (Since 1990s)
	Indo-Canadian Federalism in Comparative Perspective
	Adoption and Growth of Parliamentary Federal System
	Union-State Relations
		Legislative Relations
		Administrative Relations
		Financial Relations
		Judiciary and Federalism
		Inter-governmental Relations
		Role of Party System
		Concurrent and Residuary Powers
		Asymmetrical Federalism
	Conclusion
	Form of Government in India and Canada
	Notes and References
Chapter 6: Party System in India in Comparison with that in United Kingdom
	Party System in U. K.
	Party System in India
		Some Political Parties in India
	Party System in UK & India: A Comparative Study
	Conclusion
	Notes and References
Chapter 7: Human Rights: Constitutional Provisions and Practises in India and China
	The Idea of Human Rights
	Difference Between Fundamental Rights and Human Rights
	National Human Rights Commission
		Composition of National Human Rights Commission
	Human Rights Practice in India
	The Issue of Impunity of Security Forces
		Religious Violence
		Attacks on Human Rights Defenders
		Displacement Due to Development
	The Chinese Scenario
		The Notion of Human Rights in China
		Economic Rights
		Social and Cultural Rights
		Political Rights
		Freedom of Religion
		Personal Freedom
		Women Equality
		Rights of Chinese Nationals Abroad
	Historical Account of Human Rights Situation in China
	Human Rights Practise in China
		Human Rights Defenders
		Justice System and Unfair Trial
		Freedom of Expression
		Detention Without Trial
		Death Penalty
		Torture And Other Ill-treatment
		Coercive Family Planning
		Tibet Autonomous Region
		Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region
		Falun Gong
	Comparison Between India and China
	Notes and References
Chapter 8: Religion in Politics: Secularism and Communalism
	Mahatma Gandhi’s Views on Religion and Politics
	Nehru’s Views on the Relationship Between Religion and Politics
	Secularism
		Indian Notion of Secularism
		Western Notion of Secularism
		Contemporary Debates on Secularism
	Communalism: An Onslaught on the Principle of Secularism
	Political Economy of Communalism and Communal Violence
		Majority Communalism in India
		Minority Communalism in India
		Solutions to Address the Problem of Communalism in India
	Notes and References
Chapter 9: Strategies of Development in India Since Indenpendence
	Historical Perspective: A Unique Model of a ‘Mixed’ Economy
	Planning Process in India
	Planning in India
		The First Five Year Plan (1951–56)
		The Second Five Year Plan (1956–61)
		The Third Five Year Plan (1961–66)
		Annual Plans (1966–69)
		The Fourth Five Year Plan (1969–74)
		The Fifth Five Year Plan (1974–78)
		The Sixth Five Year Plan (1980–85)
		Seventh Five Year Plan (1985–90)
		The Eighth Five Year Plan (1992–97)
		The Ninth Five Year Plan (1997–02)
		The Tenth Five Year Plan (2002–07)
		Approach to the Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007–12)
		Monitorable Social-economic Targets of the Eleventh Plan
		Economic Crisis of 1990–91 and Reforms
		Rationalization and Simplification of the Tax System
		Infrastructure Reforms
	Impact of Economic Reforms
		Growth and Structural Change
		Saving and Investment
		Per Capita Income and Employment
		Poverty
		Retrospect & Prospects
	Notes and References
Chapter 10: Social Movements in India
	Farmer’s Movement
	Women’s Movement
	Enviornment Movement
	The Workers’ Movement
	Notes and References
About the Contributors
Index