Engineering Thermodynamics

Engineering Thermodynamics......Page 2
Contents......Page 0
Phase and Pure Substance......Page 3
Temperature......Page 4
Energy......Page 5
Heat......Page 6
Power Cycles......Page 7
Irreversibilities......Page 8
Carnot Corollaries......Page 9
Carnot Efficiency......Page 10
Entropy......Page 11
Entropy Balance......Page 12
Control Volume Energy Balance......Page 15
Control Volume Entropy Balance......Page 16
Control Volumes at Steady State......Page 17
Solution. The nozle exit area can be evaluated usi.........Page 20
Internally Reversible Heat Transfer and Work......Page 21
Basic Relations for Pure Substances......Page 23
Example 4......Page 24
Specific Heats and Other Properties......Page 25
Solution. Identifying x, y, z with s, T, and v, re.........Page 26
P-v-T Surface......Page 29
Compressibility Charts......Page 31
Equations of State......Page 36
Gas Mixtures......Page 37
Evaluating Dh, Du, and Ds......Page 38
Solution. With Equation 2.33 and the Maxwell relat.........Page 39
Thermodynamic Data Retrieval......Page 41
Ideal Gas Model......Page 45
Example 8......Page 47
Solution. Using Equation 5¢ of Table 2.8 together .........Page 49
Ideal Gas Mixtures......Page 50
Moist Air......Page 51
Generalized Charts for Enthalpy, Entropy, and Fuga.........Page 52
Multicomponent Systems......Page 55
Chemical Potential......Page 56
Ideal Solution......Page 57
Reaction Equations......Page 59
Solution.......Page 60
Enthalpy of Formation......Page 61
Absolute Entropy......Page 63
Solution. For combustion of liquid octane with the.........Page 64
Gibbs Function of Formation......Page 66
Solution. The overall cell reaction is H2 + 1/2 O2.........Page 67
Solution. The reaction of CO with the theoretical .........Page 68
Environment......Page 70
Control Volume Exergy Rate Balance......Page 71
Chemical Exergy......Page 72
Solution. Equation 2.88 reduces to read......Page 73
Exergetic Efficiency......Page 74
Solution. The exergetic efficiency from Table 2.13.........Page 75
Exergy Costing......Page 77
Solution. Substituting values into Equation 2.93,......Page 78
Rankine and Brayton Cycles......Page 79
Otto, Diesel, and Dual Cycles......Page 81
Carnot, Ericsson, and Stirling Cycles......Page 86
2.7 Guidelines for Improving Thermodynamic Effecti.........Page 88