Animal Experimentation: A Guide to the Issues

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Preface to the second edition......Page 11
Acknowledgements......Page 13
Aims......Page 15
Scope......Page 20
The origins of vivisection in Europe......Page 22
The Christian view......Page 23
Descartes and the influence of Cartesian thought......Page 24
The rise of modern biomedical studies......Page 25
Early opposition......Page 29
Utilitarianism and the rise of popular concern......Page 31
Revolution during the nineteenth century......Page 33
The 1870s, and the UK Cruelty to Animals Act (1876)......Page 35
Beyond Britain: Opposition in the USA into the twentieth century......Page 40
The Animal Welfare Act......Page 43
Shaping the moral line......Page 49
Expanding the moral circle......Page 52
Humanist views......Page 54
Singer and animal 'interests'......Page 57
Regan and animal 'rights'......Page 58
Animal interests and animal rights: strengths......Page 59
Animal interests and animal rights: weaknesses......Page 60
Empathy......Page 63
Reverence for life......Page 64
Moral stewardship......Page 68
Summary......Page 70
Fundamental and applied biological research......Page 72
Genetic research......Page 74
Behavioural research......Page 75
Production of useful biological and therapeutic materials......Page 76
Product testing......Page 77
Laws governing humane use of laboratory animals......Page 78
Certification and licensing......Page 79
The Animal Procedures Committee......Page 80
Australia and New Zealand......Page 81
United States of America......Page 83
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees......Page 84
The National Institutes of Health......Page 85
Summary......Page 86
Introduction......Page 88
Replacement, reduction and refinement......Page 89
Definitions......Page 91
Examples......Page 92
Examples......Page 93
The use of non-biological replacement alternatives......Page 94
Examples......Page 95
Human studies......Page 96
Reduction alternatives......Page 98
Improved animal husbandry and enrichment......Page 103
The use of anaesthesia and analgesia......Page 106
Humane endpoints......Page 110
The construction of a modern research institution......Page 112
2. Consider the requirements for animal welfare and animal handling......Page 116
5. Consider your responsibility to ensure that good use is made of the learning opportunity......Page 117
References......Page 118
Index......Page 127